Table I

Types of OSCPs

o	informal (secondary)	18	direct contact with MPs
ø	formal	19	letter writing to administratio
		20	direct contact with officials
		21	being active in small interest groups, parties
1	public petition	22	protest, e.g. marches, actionism
2	indirect initative I	23	access to mass media
3	indirect initative II	24	teledemocracy in various forms
4	self-government in various forms	25	consultative/advisory referendum
5	constitutional referendum	26	notification and consultation
6	statutory referendum	27	administrative hearings
7	petition referendum	28	legislative hearings
8	voluntary referendum	29	consensus conference
9	direct initiative (with decisive facultative referendum)	30	deliberative opinion polls
10	participation in committees and courts	31	advocacy planning, planning cell
11	participation in administration (e.g. local and regional planning)	32	contacting ombudsperson
12	proceedings before constitutional courts	33	primaries
13	voting in elections	34	voting at sub-national level
14	direct election of officials	35	opinion polls/surveys
15	recall of the elected officials	26	membership in large interest groups, parties or federations
16	plebiscitary referendum	37	political market research
17	petitions to Parliament	38	simulations

o	informal (secondary)	22	protest, e.g. marches, actionism
ø	formal	23	European mass media
		24	EP on the WWW
10	participation in EC committees	26	Green and White papers
12	ECJ proceedings	27	hearings, conferences organized by Commission
13	voting in European elections	28	hearings in the EP
17	petitions to EP	32	addressing the ombudsperson
18	direct contact with MEPs	34	voting in national elections
19	letter writing to the Commission	35	Eurobarometer
21	being active in small interest groups	36	membership in large interest groups, parties or federations

		policy-related			polity-related
		agenda-setting	decison-making	control mechanisms	polity-related
direct		indirect popular initiative (I)	constitutional referendum voluntary referendum	controlling petition referendum	recall of single Commissioners
indirect	active	interactive communication network Euro T.V.	European Deliberative Opinion Polls EP hearings Formal notification and consultation	expanding the rights of standing before ECJ in anullement procedure	allowing individual membership in European parties
indirect	passive	expanding Eurobarometer surveys to issues of the current political agenda and to the assessment of the office holders