Table I

Types of OSCPs

policy-related polity-
related
agenda-
setting
decison-
making
control
mechanisms
direct

ø 1 ø 2

ø 3 ø 4

ø 5 ø 6

ø 8 ø 9

ø 2 ø 4

ø/o 10 ø/o 11

ø 7

ø 13 ø 14

ø 15 ø 16

ø 10

indirect active

ø 17 o 18

o 19 o 20

o 21 o 22

o 23 o 24

ø 25 o/ø 26

o/ø 27 o/ø 28

o 21 o 29

o 30 o 31

o 23 o 24

ø 12 ø 17

ø 32 o 19

o 22 o 23

o 24

ø 33 ø 34

o 21 o 22

o 23

passive

o 35 o 36

o 37

o 38

o 35

o 35

o informal (secondary) 18 direct contact with MPs
ø formal 19 letter writing to administratio
20 direct contact with officials
21 being active in small interest groups, parties
1 public petition 22 protest, e.g. marches, actionism
2 indirect initative I 23 access to mass media
3 indirect initative II 24 teledemocracy in various forms
4 self-government in various forms 25 consultative/advisory referendum
5 constitutional referendum 26 notification and consultation
6 statutory referendum 27 administrative hearings
7 petition referendum 28 legislative hearings
8 voluntary referendum 29 consensus conference
9 direct initiative (with decisive facultative referendum) 30 deliberative opinion polls
10 participation in committees and courts 31 advocacy planning, planning cell
11 participation in administration (e.g. local and regional planning) 32 contacting ombudsperson
12 proceedings before constitutional courts 33 primaries
13 voting in elections 34 voting at sub-national level
14 direct election of officials 35 opinion polls/surveys
15 recall of the elected officials 26 membership in large interest groups, parties or federations
16 plebiscitary referendum 37 political market research
17 petitions to Parliament 38 simulations

Table II

OSCPs at EU level (status quo)

policy-related

polity-
related

agenda-
setting

decison-
making

control mechanisms

direct

ø 13

indirect

active

ø 17 o 18

o 19 o 21

o 22 (o 23)

(o 24)

o 26 o/ø 27

o 28 (· 34)

ø 12 ø 17

ø 32 o 18

o 19 (o 23)

(ø 34)

ø 34 (o 10)

passive

o 35 o 36

o informal (secondary) 22 protest, e.g. marches, actionism
ø formal 23 European mass media
24 EP on the WWW
10 participation in EC committees 26 Green and White papers
12 ECJ proceedings 27 hearings, conferences organized by Commission
13 voting in European elections 28 hearings in the EP
17 petitions to EP 32 addressing the ombudsperson
18 direct contact with MEPs 34 voting in national elections
19 letter writing to the Commission 35 Eurobarometer
21 being active in small interest groups 36 membership in large interest groups, parties or federations

Table III

Proposed Additional OSCPs at EU level

policy-related

polity-related

agenda-setting

decison-making

control mechanisms

direct

indirect popular initiative (I)

constitutional referendum

voluntary referendum

controlling petition referendum

recall of single Commissioners

indirect

active

interactive communication network

Euro T.V.

European Deliberative Opinion Polls

EP hearings

Formal notification and consultation

expanding the rights of standing before ECJ in anullement procedure

allowing individual membership in European parties

passive

expanding Eurobarometer surveys to issues of the current political agenda and to the assessment of the office holders


©1996 by MN