Figure 1

Expanding the acquis communautaire

informal resources	routinisation	formal resources
ideas values	practices policy objectives	rules procedures regulations

Figure 2

The state of the citizenship acquis communautaire in the early 1970s

informal resources =>	routinisation =>	formal resources
idea European citizenship as identity-generating	policy objectives special rights passport policy	institutional framework no provisions in Treaty to act on political rights possibly: Art. 235

Figure 3

The state of the citizenship acquis communautaire in the early 1980s

informal resources =>

routinisation =>

formal resources

idea

European citizenship
as identity-generating

idea

belonging through
involvement in day-
to-day Community
affairs

value

democracy

shared goal

further integration
towards political union

policy objectives

special rights
passport policy

policy practice

step-by-step
stage-by-stage

Council decision

uniform passport
residence for workers

citizenship practice

participation in day-to
day Community matters
(elections, work, economy)

institutional framework

no provisions in Treaty
to act on political rights
possibly: Art. 235
in-loco right to vote
in EP elections

Figure 4

The state of the citizenship acquis communautaire in the late 1980s

informal resources =>

routinisation =>

formal resources

idea

European citizenship
as identity-generating

idea

belonging through
involvement in day-
to-day Community
affairs

value

democracy

shared goal

further integration
towards political union

shared goal

Europe '92

policy objectives

special rights
(vote, movement,
work, sue)
passport union

policy practice

step-by-step
stage-by-stage
area-oriented

Council decision

uniform passport
residence for workers

citizenship practice

participation in day-to
day Community matters
(elections, work, economy)
group-by-group
integration (workers,
students, adacemics,
young people)

institutional framework

no provisions in Treaty
to act on political rights
possibly: Art. 235
in-loco right to vote
in EP elections
Article 48 EEC-Treaty
[free movment of
workers]
Article 8a EEC-Treaty
[common market]
Article 7 EEC-Treaty
[non-discrimination]

Figure 5

The state of the citizenship acquis communautaire in the early 1990s

informal resources =>

routinisation =>

formal resources

idea

European citizenship
as identity-generating

idea

belonging through
involvement in day-
to-day Community
affairs

value

democracy
solidarity

shared goal

further integration
towards political union

shared goal

Europe '92

shared concerns

democracy deficit
transparency deficit
legitimacy deficit

policy objectives

special rights
(vote, movement,
work, sue)
passport union

policy practice

step-by-step
stage-by-stage
area-oriented

Council decision

uniform passport
residence for workers

citizenship practice

participation in day-to
day Community matters
(elections, work, economy)
group-by-group
integration (workers,
students, adacemics,
young people)

new approach

non-Community

institutional framework

in-loco right to vote
in EP elections
Article 8 EC-Treaty
(citizenship of the Union)
- vote in municipal
  elections
- vote in European
  elections
- diplomatic protection
directives on the right to
residence for
- insured and non-welfare
  dependent persons
- employees and
  self-employed persons
- employees and
  self-employed persons
  who have ceased their
  occupational activity
Article 48 EC-Treaty
[free movment of
workers]
Article 130a EC-Treaty
(cohesion)
Article 3(c) EC Treaty
(abolition of obstacles to
the free movement of
goods, persons, services
and capital)
Article 6 EC-Treaty
[formerly: Article 7 EEC
Treaty;no-discrimination
on grounds of nationality]
Article 7a EC Treaty
(formerly: Article 8a EEC
Treaty; area wthout internal
frontiers)