Figure 1

Legislative procedures: treaty reforms and day-to-day politics

Figure 2

Decision-making in the EU: a spatial representation of the actors

Figure 3

Delegation and bureaucratic discretion

Figure 4

Treaty reforms: de jure and de facto legislative procedures

Figure 5

Consultation procedure: policy outcome under qmv and unanimity

Figure 6

Consultation procedure: bureaucratic discretion under unanimity

Figure 7

Consultation procedure: bureaucratic discretion under qmv

Figure 8

Co-operation procedure: policy outcome

Figure 9

Co-operation procedure: bureaucratic discretion

Figure 10

Co-decision₁ procedure: policy outcome

Figure 11

Co-decision₁ procedure: bureaucratic discretion

Figure 12

Co-decision₂ procedure: policy outcome

Figure 13

Co-decision₂ procedure: bureaucratic discretion