| Mediating Factors in Policy Adjustment | |
| Economic Vulnerability | Presence or absence of economic crisis; competitiveness in capital and product markets |
| Political Institutional Capacity | Principal policy actors' ability to impose or negotiate change, depending upon political interactions and institutional arrangements |
| Policy Legacies | "fit" with long-standing policies and policymaking institutions |
| Policy Preferences | "fit" with the old preferences and/or openness to new |
| Discourse | Ability to change preferences by altering perceptions of economic vulnerabilities and policy legacies and thereby enhance political institutional capacity to impose or negotiate change |
| Pressures for Convergence | EU Adjustment Pressures | Adjustment Mechanisms | Examples |
| High | Required Model | Coercion | Monetary integration, environmental standards |
| Medium | Recommended Model | Adaptation | deregulation of financial services, telecom, electricity, air transport |
| Low | Suggested Model | Mimesis | Employment bench-marking, railway directive, road haulage |
| Negligible | No Model | Regulatory Competition | Mutual recognition of products |
| Monetary Integration | Financial Services | Telecom | Electricity | Air Transport | Railways | Road Haulage | |
| U.K. Timing Pressures EU response |
Not yet Global. Inertia |
Early Global. Absorption |
Early Global. Absorption |
Early Global. Absorption |
Early Global. Absorption |
Early Internal./Eur. Absorption |
Early Internal. Absorption |
| FRANCE Timing Pressures EU response |
Early Global./Europ. Transf. |
Early Global. Absorption |
Late Global./Europ. Inertia/Transf . |
Late European. Inertia |
Late European. Inertia |
Late European. Inertia |
Early Internal Absorption |
| GERMANY Timing Pressures EU response |
Early Global. Absorption |
Late Global./internal Transf. |
Mid Global./unific. Inertia/Transf . |
Late European. Transf. |
Late European. Transf. |
Late European. Transf. |
Late European. Inertia/Transf. |
| Convergence | High: Fr, Ger |
High: Fr, Ger, UK |
High: Fr, Ger, UK |
Medium: Ger, UK |
Medium: Ger, UK |
Medium: Ger, UK |
Medium: Fr, UK, Ger |
