Table I

Modes of governance, mechanisms, and explanations

Mode of governance Type of policy Analytical core Mechanism Default explanation
Bargaining Positive or negative Formulation of EU policies Implementation Anticipated reactions Structure of political opportunities
Hierarchy Positive Market-correcting rules, EU policy templates Vertical Goodness of fit
Hierarchy Negative Market-making rules, absence of EU policy templates Horizontal Regulatory competition
Facilitated
coordination		 Coordination Benchmarking, soft-law, OMC, transfer, lesson-drawing Horizontal Learning

Source: Adapted from Bulmer and Radaelli (2004)

Figure 1

Three approaches : European integration, top-down Europeanisation, and bottom-up Europeanisation

©2004 by Claudio M. Radaelli
formated and tagged by K.H., 4.10.2004