Table I

Strength of instruments used in implementation management

Formal strength of instrument Markdown Actual strength of instrument
Strong -> Moderate
Moderate -> Weak
Weak -> Weak
 
 
 
 
 
 

Table II

Correspondence of implementation logics and instruments in the EU system

Logic Enforcement Management Persuasion
Formal instruments Infringement procedure
(maximum pressure:
financial sanctions)
Preliminary rulings 		Exchange programmes
SLIC meetings
OSHA Bilbao 		SLIC meetings
OSHA Bilbao
Informal instruments2 Naming and shaming (scoreboard, press releases) Bilateral and package meetings Bilateral and package meetings
Promotion of gender-related institutions in Member States

Note. 2 By informal, I mean instruments that are not laid down in the ILO constitution

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Table III

Supervision and enforcement in the ILO

Type Report Representation Complaint (also: Freedom of Association)
Legal basis Article 22-23 Article 24-25 Article 26-34
Most important actors/initiators Governments (employers' and workers' representatives as commentators) Governments (employers' and workers' representatives as commentators) All delegates of the International Labour Conference
ILO committees concerned Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR)
Conference Committee on the Application of Standards (tripartite CCAS) 		Ad Hoc Committee (tripartite) Commission of Inquiry or Freedom of Association Committee (both tripartite)
Official decision-maker ILO Governing Body ILO Governing Body ILO Governing Body
Last instance     International Court of Justice
 
 

Table IV

Correspondence of implementation logics and instruments in the ILO

Logic Enforcement Management Persuasion
Formal instruments Reporting procedure (observation)
Representation procedure
Complaint procedure (maximum pressure: ICJ judgment; indirect sanctions, e.g. dis-investment) 		Reporting procedure (direct request) Reporting procedure
Informal instruments 1 Naming and shaming (global reports) Direct contacts
Technical assistance 		Direct contacts
Technical assistance

Note. 1By informal I mean instruments that are not laid down in the ILO constitution.

 
 
 
 
 

Table V

The absolute strength of different implementation logics in the EU and the ILO

Logic EU ILO
Enforcement Formal: strong
Actual: moderate 		Formal: moderate
Actual: moderate to weak
Management Moderate Strong
Persuasion Weak Moderate to weak
©2005 byMiriam Hartlapp
formated and tagged by K.H.,7.6.2005