Policy legacies | Depends on history, culture, interests, institutional arrangement.
Social democracy means very different things in different countries at different times |
Problems | 'Events'
Presence or absence of crisis; economic vulnerability
Some countries have greater problems than others because of legacies |
Political institutional capacity | Ability to impose or negotiate change depending upon political
interactions and institutional arrangements 'Simple Polities' (UK, NZ, Fr, Gr, Port) where governing activity has traditionally been channeled through a single authority have the capacity to impose change subject to sanctions of elections (UK, NZ pre 1990s, Fr) or protest (Fr) 'Compound polities' (B, US, Ger, It, Dk, NL, Sw) where governing activity is dispersed among multiple authorities negotiate change subject to sanctions from lack of agreement (Ger, US, Dk) or protest (It) |
Preferences | Do policy actors, political actors, and the public shift their
preferences in response to the problem and, if so, how? Special problems for social-democrats because of legacies of post-war era |
Discourse | Ability to change preferences by altering perceptions of problems
and legacies and thereby to enhance political institutional capacity to impose or negotiate change |
Ideas:
|
It's not just what you say and how you say
it. It is also:
|
It's not just what you say, how, and to whom.
It is also:
|
Countries' reform initiatives in Work and Welfare |
Institutions | Political Institutional Capacity | Discourse | Reform Success | |||
Simple | Compound | Coordinative | Communicative | ||||
UK | Thatcher Work '80-'87
Welfare '85-'90 Blair Work/Welf 97-'02 |
+ + + + + + + + + |
+ + + + + + + + + |
|
+ + + + + + + |
+ + + + + + + |
|
NL | Work '80s Welfare '94 Welfare '98 |
+ + |
+ + | + + + + |
+ + + + + |
+ + + + |
+ + + + + + + |
D | Kohl Work/Welf mid '90s Schröder Work/Welf late'90s Welfare '03 |
+ + + + + + + + + |
+ + + |
+ |
+ |
+? |
|
DK | Work/Welfare'80s'90s | + + | + + + | + + + | | + + + | |
Sw | Work/Welf '90s | + | + + | | + + | + + | |
Italy | Work/Welf '80s
Berlusconi Work/Welf'94 Dini Work/Welf '95 Berlusconi Welfare '04 |
+ | + + + + + + + + + + |
+ + |
+ + + |
+ + + + |
+ + |
France | Mitterrand Work'80s Juppé Welfare '95'97 Jospin Work/Welf '97'02 Raffarin Welfare '03 |
+ + + + + + + + + + + + |
+ + + + + + + + |
+ |
+ + + + + + + + |
+ + + + + + |
Legend: Solid arrows show direction of ideas and discourse, dotted arrows show feedback, overlap shows where some actors may operate in both spheres.